MOZAMBIQUE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Also called: Guerra do Ultramar/Guerra Colonial
YEARS: 1964-1975 | DEATHS: 45000
After World War II, while many European nations were granting independence to their colonies, Portugal’s dictator António de Oliveira Salazar clung to the concept that Mozambique and other Portuguese possessions were overseas provinces of the mother country, and emigration to the colonies soared (Mozambique’s Portuguese population was about 250,000 in 1975). The drive for Mozambican independence developed apace, and in 1962 several anti-colonial political groups formed the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), which initiated an armed campaign against Portuguese colonial rule in September 1964. After 10 years of sporadic warfare and Portugal’s return to democracy (partially as a result of the expenses from the wars in Angola and Mozambique), Mozambique became independent on June 25, 1975. Democracy however had no roots at all in Mozambique. FRELIMO quickly established a one-party Marxist state and outlawed rival political activity.
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